Oh, don't worry, I'm well on my way to having a different Uller for every day of the week

So is anyone actually going to answer my question? I know, for example, a plasma cannon does 30 damage and gives me 28 heat, but how much heat does it give to the guy taking the damage? 28? Less? More?
On a related note, how do damage points compare to armor points? Does 1 point of damage destroy 1 point of armor? How much damage can unarmored structure take?